name: territory-api-and-assignment description: "Territory2 API in Apex: programmatic territory member management (UserTerritory2Association, ObjectTerritory2Association), bulk assignment DML, and SOAP-based rule evaluation. NOT for ETM admin setup, territory model design, declarative assignment rules, or Opportunity territory configuration (use admin/enterprise-territory-management)." category: apex salesforce-version: "Spring '25+" well-architected-pillars:

• Performance
• Reliability
• Security triggers:
• "how do I assign users to a territory in Apex"
• "programmatically add accounts to a territory using ObjectTerritory2Association"
• "bulk territory assignment rule evaluation from Apex"
• "UserTerritory2Association DML insert not working in async context"
• "how to remove a user from a territory via code without manual setup" tags:
• territory2
• etm
• UserTerritory2Association
• ObjectTerritory2Association
• territory-assignment
• apex-dml inputs:
• Salesforce org with Enterprise Territory Management enabled and at least one active Territory2Model
• Territory2 record IDs (territory members or accounts to assign)
• User IDs or Account IDs to associate with territories
• Whether bulk assignment rule evaluation is needed (requires SOAP API callout) outputs:
• Apex DML patterns for inserting/deleting UserTerritory2Association and ObjectTerritory2Association records
• Guidance on when and how to invoke assignment rule evaluation via SOAP callout
• Checker report flagging territory API anti-patterns in existing Apex classes dependencies: [] version: 1.0.0 author: Pranav Nagrecha updated: 2026-04-06

Territory API and Assignment

This skill activates when a practitioner needs to manage Enterprise Territory Management (ETM) memberships or account territory associations programmatically in Apex — by inserting or deleting UserTerritory2Association or ObjectTerritory2Association records — or when bulk territory assignment rule evaluation must be triggered from code via a SOAP API callout. Use it for automated onboarding/offboarding of territory reps, data-migration-driven bulk account assignments, and any scenario where territory membership must be driven by code rather than manual setup.

Before Starting

Gather this context before working on anything in this domain:

• Confirm Enterprise Territory Management (ETM) is enabled in the org and that at least one Territory2Model is in Active state. ETM-related objects are not queryable until the feature is on and a model is active.
• Identify the Territory2 record IDs you need to work with. You cannot use Territory2 names directly in DML; you must resolve IDs first.
• Determine whether you need to evaluate assignment rules after inserting ObjectTerritory2Association rows. Assignment rules do not run automatically on DML to ObjectTerritory2Association — rule evaluation requires a separate SOAP API callout.
• Know the session ID constraints: UserInfo.getSessionId() returns null in asynchronous contexts (Batch Apex, Queueable, Scheduled Apex, future methods). Any SOAP callout for rule evaluation must be made in a synchronous user context or from a Platform Event subscriber running in a synchronous context.
• Know the 200-record-per-SOAP-call limit for bulk assignment rule evaluation requests.

Core Concepts

UserTerritory2Association

UserTerritory2Association is the junction object that places a user into a Territory2. It supports standard Apex DML (insert, delete) and can be queried with SOQL. Key fields:

Inserting a UserTerritory2Association record is the programmatic equivalent of clicking "Add Users" in Setup > Territories. The insert fires standard field-level security checks but does not fire Apex triggers — there is no trigger support on UserTerritory2Association.

Duplicate inserts (same Territory2Id + UserId combination) produce a DUPLICATE_VALUE DML error. Use Database.insert(list, false) and inspect SaveResult errors to handle gracefully.

ObjectTerritory2Association

ObjectTerritory2Association places an Account (the only supported object type) into a Territory2. Key fields:

Critical constraints:

• Standard DML (insert, delete) is supported.
• Apex triggers do not fire on ObjectTerritory2Association — not before-insert, not after-insert, nothing. You cannot use triggers to react to territory-account associations.
• Inserting with AssociationCause = 'Territory' creates a manual/API-driven association. Associations created by assignment rules use Territory2RuleAssociation (read-only from DML; set by the platform after rule evaluation).
• Only Account records can be the ObjectId. Associating Contacts, Opportunities, or other objects directly is not supported.

Assignment Rule Evaluation

ETM assignment rules evaluate which territories an Account belongs to based on account field values (e.g., BillingState, Industry). Rule evaluation is not triggered automatically when you insert ObjectTerritory2Association rows or update Account fields — you must explicitly request evaluation.

From Apex, rule evaluation requires a SOAP API callout to the Territory2 evaluation service endpoint. The pattern is:

1. Obtain a valid session ID via UserInfo.getSessionId() — available only in synchronous user-context Apex.
2. Build an HTTP callout to /services/Soap/s/<api-version>/ with the correct SOAP envelope.
3. Pass up to 200 Account IDs per request.
4. Parse the SOAP response to determine success or fault.

Because UserInfo.getSessionId() returns null in async Apex, bulk rule evaluation for large datasets is typically orchestrated via a Platform Event published from a batch finish method, consumed by a synchronous trigger or flow that performs the callout.

Common Patterns

Pattern 1: Bulk User Territory Assignment from Apex

When to use: A territory assignment change (e.g., sales rep territory realignment, new hire onboarding) must be applied to many users at once from a migration script, process automation, or an admin tool.

How it works:

1. Collect (Territory2Id, UserId) pairs to add.
2. Query UserTerritory2Association to find which pairs already exist (avoid DUPLICATE_VALUE).
3. Build UserTerritory2Association sObjects for net-new pairs.
4. Insert with Database.insert(newAssociations, false) and inspect SaveResult for any errors beyond DUPLICATE_VALUE.
5. For removals, query by Territory2Id IN :ids AND UserId IN :userIds, then delete.

public static void assignUsersToTerritory(Id territory2Id, List<Id> userIds) {
    Set<Id> existingUserIds = new Set<Id>();
    for (UserTerritory2Association uta :
             [SELECT UserId FROM UserTerritory2Association
              WHERE Territory2Id = :territory2Id AND UserId IN :userIds]) {
        existingUserIds.add(uta.UserId);
    }

    List<UserTerritory2Association> toInsert = new List<UserTerritory2Association>();
    for (Id uid : userIds) {
        if (!existingUserIds.contains(uid)) {
            toInsert.add(new UserTerritory2Association(
                Territory2Id = territory2Id,
                UserId = uid,
                RoleInTerritory2 = ''
            ));
        }
    }

    if (!toInsert.isEmpty()) {
        List<Database.SaveResult> results = Database.insert(toInsert, false);
        for (Database.SaveResult sr : results) {
            if (!sr.isSuccess()) {
                for (Database.Error err : sr.getErrors()) {
                    if (err.getStatusCode() != StatusCode.DUPLICATE_VALUE) {
                        throw new DmlException('Territory user assignment failed: ' + err.getMessage());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Why not the alternative: Using insert without Database.insert(list, false) rolls back the entire transaction on the first duplicate, which is common in realignment scenarios where some users are already assigned.

Pattern 2: Manual Account-Territory Association via ObjectTerritory2Association

When to use: Accounts must be pinned to specific territories independent of assignment rules — for example, a data migration that preserves legacy territory assignments, or a key account that must always appear in an executive territory regardless of field values.

How it works:

1. Resolve the Territory2Id values for the target territories.
2. For each account, build an ObjectTerritory2Association with AssociationCause = 'Territory'.
3. Insert with Database.insert(list, false) to handle duplicates.
4. Query ObjectTerritory2Association to verify the associations are in place.

public static void pinAccountsToTerritory(Id territory2Id, List<Id> accountIds) {
    Set<Id> existingAccounts = new Set<Id>();
    for (ObjectTerritory2Association ota :
             [SELECT ObjectId FROM ObjectTerritory2Association
              WHERE Territory2Id = :territory2Id AND ObjectId IN :accountIds
              AND AssociationCause = 'Territory']) {
        existingAccounts.add(ota.ObjectId);
    }

    List<ObjectTerritory2Association> toInsert = new List<ObjectTerritory2Association>();
    for (Id acctId : accountIds) {
        if (!existingAccounts.contains(acctId)) {
            toInsert.add(new ObjectTerritory2Association(
                ObjectId = acctId,
                Territory2Id = territory2Id,
                AssociationCause = 'Territory'
            ));
        }
    }

    if (!toInsert.isEmpty()) {
        Database.insert(toInsert, false);
    }
}

Why not the alternative: Using assignment rules to pin accounts requires crafting a rule that matches a specific field value, which is fragile. Manual API associations via AssociationCause = 'Territory' are explicit and survive rule re-evaluation without being overwritten.

Pattern 3: SOAP-Based Assignment Rule Evaluation

When to use: After updating Account fields that affect territory rule criteria, you need to re-evaluate which territories those accounts belong to — from a synchronous user context where a session ID is available.

How it works:

1. Collect Account IDs in chunks of at most 200.
2. Build the SOAP envelope with the session ID from UserInfo.getSessionId().
3. Make an HTTP callout to the Territory2 evaluation endpoint.
4. Parse the SOAP response for success or fault elements.

public static void evaluateRulesForAccounts(List<Id> allAccountIds) {
    String sessionId = UserInfo.getSessionId();
    if (sessionId == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(
            'evaluateRules requires a synchronous user context; '
            + 'UserInfo.getSessionId() returned null.'
        );
    }

    String baseEndpoint = URL.getOrgDomainUrl().toExternalForm()
        + '/services/Soap/s/' + System.requestVersion().major + '.0';

    Integer batchSize = 200;
    for (Integer i = 0; i < allAccountIds.size(); i += batchSize) {
        List<Id> chunk = allAccountIds.subList(i, Math.min(i + batchSize, allAccountIds.size()));
        String body = buildSoapEnvelope(chunk);

        HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
        req.setEndpoint(baseEndpoint);
        req.setMethod('POST');
        req.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/xml; charset=UTF-8');
        req.setHeader('SOAPAction', '""');
        req.setHeader('Authorization', 'Bearer ' + sessionId);
        req.setBody(body);

        HttpResponse resp = new Http().send(req);
        if (resp.getStatusCode() != 200) {
            throw new CalloutException('SOAP rule eval failed: ' + resp.getBody());
        }
    }
}

Why not the alternative: There is no native Apex method to trigger ETM assignment rule evaluation. The SOAP callout is the only supported mechanism from Apex code.

Decision Guidance

Recommended Workflow

Step-by-step instructions for an AI agent or practitioner activating this skill:

1. Confirm ETM is enabled and the Territory2Model is in Active state — query Territory2Model and verify State = 'Active' before attempting any DML on territory association objects.
2. Resolve Territory2 IDs — query Territory2 by name, external ID, or hierarchy criteria to obtain the IDs you will use in association records.
3. Check for existing associations — query UserTerritory2Association or ObjectTerritory2Association before inserting to build a net-new list and avoid DUPLICATE_VALUE errors.
4. Perform DML with Database.insert(list, false) — inspect SaveResult errors, ignore DUPLICATE_VALUE, and surface all others.
5. If assignment rule evaluation is needed, confirm you are in a synchronous user context, chunk account IDs into groups of ≤200, and make the SOAP callout using UserInfo.getSessionId().
6. Validate the result — query ObjectTerritory2Association or UserTerritory2Association after DML to confirm the records were created and spot partial failures.
7. Run check_territory_api_and_assignment.py against the Apex source to catch anti-patterns before deploying.

Review Checklist

Run through these before marking work in this area complete:

• ETM is enabled and at least one Territory2Model is in Active state in the target org
• All DML on UserTerritory2Association and ObjectTerritory2Association uses Database.insert(list, false) and inspects SaveResult
• No Apex triggers are relied upon to fire on ObjectTerritory2Association DML
• SOAP callout for rule evaluation is not called from async Apex (Batch, Queueable, Scheduled, future)
• SOAP requests are chunked to ≤200 account IDs per call
• AssociationCause is explicitly set to 'Territory' for managed associations (never 'Territory2RuleAssociation')
• Deletion paths exist to remove stale associations when users leave territories or accounts are reassigned
• Session ID availability is verified before the SOAP callout path is invoked

Salesforce-Specific Gotchas

Non-obvious platform behaviors that cause real production problems:

1. Apex triggers do not fire on ObjectTerritory2Association — A trigger declared on ObjectTerritory2Association deploys without error but its body never executes — not on DML from Apex, not from Setup, not from rule evaluation. Use Platform Events dispatched from the service layer that writes the association.

2. UserInfo.getSessionId() returns null in all async Apex — This is the primary cause of SOAP-based rule evaluation failures in Batch Apex execute, Queueable execute, @future methods, and Scheduled Apex execute. Any code path that depends on getSessionId() for a SOAP callout must run in a synchronous request context.

3. Assignment rules do not re-evaluate automatically on Account field updates or ObjectTerritory2Association DML — Updating BillingState or any other rule-relevant field on an Account does not trigger rule re-evaluation. You must explicitly call the SOAP evaluation endpoint.

4. ObjectTerritory2Association DML with AssociationCause = 'Territory2RuleAssociation' throws a runtime error — This value is platform-controlled and cannot be set via Apex DML. Attempting to insert with this cause throws DmlException: FIELD_INTEGRITY_EXCEPTION. Always set AssociationCause = 'Territory' explicitly.

5. 200-record-per-SOAP-call limit for rule evaluation — The SOAP API for territory rule evaluation caps at 200 Account IDs per request. Callers that pass more than 200 IDs receive a SOAP fault. Chunk the list into batches of ≤200 and make sequential requests.

Output Artifacts

Related Skills

• admin/enterprise-territory-management — Use for ETM admin setup, territory model design, territory types, assignment rule configuration, and Opportunity territory assignment; this skill handles only the programmatic Apex API layer
• apex-managed-sharing — Use when territory membership drives record sharing via __Share objects; the two patterns are often combined
• callout-and-dml-transaction-boundaries — Use when the SOAP callout for rule evaluation must be combined with DML in the same transaction
• async-apex — Use when territory assignment operations exceed synchronous DML limits and must be moved to batch or queueable context (excluding SOAP callout steps)