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Database Best Practices

Guidelines for working with PostgreSQL.

Schema Design

• Use UUIDs for primary keys in distributed systems
• Add created_at and updated_at timestamps to all tables
• Index columns used in WHERE and JOIN clauses
• Use foreign keys to enforce referential integrity

Query Patterns

Always use parameterized queries:

SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1;
INSERT INTO orders (user_id, total) VALUES ($1, $2);

Never concatenate user input into SQL strings.

Migrations

Run migrations in a transaction. Test rollback before deploying. Keep migrations small and reversible.