architechture

name: architechture description: 本项目里面的各种架构设计, 设计中用到的各种概念例如 system, action, view-function, action-function, action-handler, base, component 等的解释

base vs component

这是 polylith 工具里面的概念, base 是一个可以 deploy 的 artifact, 例如 webapp, cli, tui 等. component 是 base 的 building block, component 会提供一个 interface namespace, 其他 base / component 只能直接 require interface, 不能 require component 里面的其他 namespace.

interface 需要用 defn 的方式暴露函数, 不能用 def 的方式, 并且需要有 docstring. interface 用 cljc, 同时兼顾前后端

运行

clj -M:poly info

可以检查所有错误.

system

前后端都使用 integrant 管理 stateful component. integrant init 返回的整个 map 就叫作 system.

(def config {...})
(def system (ig/init config))

当一些函数需要使用 python-env 或者 数据库连接 或者 websocket channel 之类的 stateful component 时, 就可以接收 system 作为第一个参数. 然后从 system 中 destruct 需要用的到部分.

view-function

输入 state 返回 hiccup 数据的函数, 叫作 view-function.

action

pure data, 例如

[[:event/prevent-default]
 [:table-filter/add-filter {:field field
                            :operator selected-operator
                            :from-value :event/form-data}]]

这个例子中有两个 action, 每个 action 都是一个 list, 第一个元素是 action 的类型, 后面是 0 或 n 个 arguments. 其中有一些特殊的值例如这个例子中的 :event/form-data 是个 placeholder. placeholder 由 interpolate 函数转换成实际的 value

(defn make-interpolate
  "Creates an interpolation function for handling event data with optional extensions.
   
   Parameters:
   - extension-fns: Optional functions to extend the interpolation behavior.
                    Each function should take (event case-key) and return a value if handled, nil otherwise.
   
   Returns: An interpolation function that can be used to process event data"
  [& extension-fns]
  (fn [event data]
    (walk/postwalk
     (fn [x]
       (let [result (or
                     (some #(when-let [result (% event x)]
                              result)
                           extension-fns)
                     (case x
                       :event/target.value (.. event -target -value)
                       :event/target.int-value (parse-int (.. event -target -value))
                       :event/target.checked (.. event -target -checked)
                       :event/clipboard-data (.getData (.. event -clipboardData) "text")
                       :event/target (.. event -target)
                       :event/form-data (some-> event .-target gather-form-data)
                       :event/event event
                       :event/file (or (when-let [files (.-files (.-target event))]
                                         (aget files 0))
                                       :event/file)
                       :query/result event
                       nil))]
         (if (some? result)
           result
           x)))
     data)))

因此, action 是 pure 的, 只描述了想要做什么, 和需要什么样的数据.

action-function

返回多个 actions 的函数, 一般是 hiccup 里面的 :on attribute 里面使用.

action-handler

view 和 action 都是 pure data. 他们没有任何 effect, 因此需要 action-handler 执行 effect 的部分. action-handler 的参数是当前的 system 和 interpolate 后的 action. handler 可以根据 action 的数据修改 store, 或者使用 system 中的其他 stateful effect. 当 store 修改后, replicant 会负责获取新的 state, 然后调用 view-function 渲染更新后的 UI.

websocket

jetty-main component 提供两种 WebSocket API:

1. Unified API (推荐) - 统一抽象层, 同时支持 Sente 和 Ring WebSocket
2. Sente API (Legacy) - 直接使用 Sente 的 extension function 模式

Unified WebSocket API (推荐)

统一 API 抽象了 Sente 和 Ring WebSocket 的差异, 业务逻辑只需要写一次.

统一消息格式

;; 收到的消息 (message)
{:event     :user/ping      ; 事件类型 (keyword)
 :data      {:foo "bar"}    ; 消息数据
 :client-id "alice"         ; 发送者 ID
 :reply!    (fn [data] ...) ; 回复函数
}

;; WebSocket 上下文 (ws-ctx)
{:send!      (fn [client-id event data] ...)  ; 发送给指定客户端
 :broadcast! (fn [event data] ...)            ; 广播给所有客户端
 :clients    (deref) -> {:any #{...}}         ; 已连接的客户端 IDs
}

定义业务 Handler

(defn my-ws-handler
  "WebSocket 业务处理函数.
   同一份代码可以用于 Sente 或 Ring WebSocket."
  [ws-ctx msg]
  (let [{:keys [event data client-id reply!]} msg
        {:keys [send! broadcast! clients]} ws-ctx]
    (case event
      :user/ping
      (reply! {:pong true :time (System/currentTimeMillis)})
      
      :chat/send
      (broadcast! :chat/message {:text data :from client-id})
      
      :chat/whisper
      (let [{:keys [to text]} data]
        (send! to :chat/private {:text text :from client-id}))
      
      nil)))

使用 Ring WebSocket

(require '[com.zihao.jetty-main.interface :as jm])

;; 1. 创建 Ring WS server
(def ws-server (jm/make-ring-ws-server))

;; 2. 创建 adapter (自动检测类型)
(def adapter (jm/ws-adapter ws-server))

;; 3. 启动 handler
(def stop-ch (async/chan))
(def handler (jm/make-unified-ws-handler my-ws-handler))
(handler stop-ch adapter)

;; 4. 创建 routes (自动添加 /ws endpoint)
(def routes (jm/make-routes {} ws-server query-handler command-handler))

使用 Sente (同样的 handler!)

(require '[com.zihao.jetty-main.ws-server :as ws-server])

;; 1. 创建 Sente server
(def sente-server (ws-server/make-ws-server))

;; 2. 同样使用 ws-adapter
(def adapter (jm/ws-adapter sente-server))

;; 3. 同一个 handler 代码!
(def handler (jm/make-unified-ws-handler my-ws-handler))
(handler stop-ch adapter)

;; 4. 创建 routes (自动添加 /chsk endpoint)
(def routes (jm/make-routes {} sente-server query-handler command-handler))

Integrant 配置示例

(def config
  {:ws/ws-server nil                              ; Ring WS 或 Sente
   :ws/ws-handler {:ws-server (ig/ref :ws/ws-server)}
   :jetty/routes {:ws-server (ig/ref :ws/ws-server)}
   :jetty/handler (ig/ref :jetty/routes)
   :adapter/jetty {:port 3000
                   :handler (ig/ref :jetty/handler)}})

(defmethod ig/init-key :ws/ws-server [_ _]
  (jm/make-ring-ws-server))  ; 或 (ws-server/make-ws-server) for Sente

(defmethod ig/init-key :ws/ws-handler [_ {:keys [ws-server]}]
  (let [stop-ch (async/chan)
        adapter (jm/ws-adapter ws-server)
        handler (jm/make-unified-ws-handler my-ws-handler)]
    (handler stop-ch adapter)
    stop-ch))

Sente API (Legacy)

原有的 Sente 专用 API, 使用 extension function 模式.

模块定义 WebSocket Extension Function

各个 component 可以在自己的 interface namespace 中定义 WebSocket 事件处理函数:

后端 (Clojure):

(defn ws-event-handler
  "WebSocket event handler for component.
   Accepts [system event-msg] and returns non-nil if handled, nil otherwise."
  [system event-msg]
  (let [{:keys [id ?data uid ?reply-fn]} event-msg]
    (case id
      :component/custom-event
      (do
        ;; 处理事件逻辑
        (when ?reply-fn
          (?reply-fn [:component/response "ok"]))
        true)  ; 返回 truthy 表示已处理
      nil)))  ; 返回 nil 表示未处理

前端 (ClojureScript):

(defn ws-event-handler-frontend
  "Frontend WebSocket event handler for component.
   Accepts [system event-msg] and returns non-nil if handled, nil otherwise."
  [system event-msg]
  (let [{:keys [id ?data]} event-msg
        store (:replicant/store system)]
    (case id
      :component/state-update
      (do
        (swap! store assoc :component/state ?data)
        true)  ; 返回 truthy 表示已处理
      nil)))  ; 返回 nil 表示未处理

在 Base 中注册 Extension Functions

后端注册 (bases/web-app/src/com/zihao/web_app/api.clj):

(defn ws-event-handler [system event-msg]
  (or (xiangqi/ws-event-handler system event-msg)
      (language-learn/ws-event-handler system event-msg)
      ;; 更多模块的 handler...
      ))

(def config
  {:ws/ws-server true
   :ws/event-handler []
   :ws/ws-handler {:ws-server (ig/ref :ws/ws-server)
                   :ws-event-handler (ig/ref :ws/event-handler)}})

(defmethod ig/init-key :ws/event-handler [_ _]
  (fn [event-msg]
    (ws-event-handler nil event-msg)))

(defmethod ig/init-key :ws/ws-handler [_ {:keys [ws-server ws-event-handler]}]
  (when ws-server
    (let [stop-ch (async/chan)
          handler (jm/make-ws-handler-with-extensions ws-event-handler)]
      (handler stop-ch ws-server)
      stop-ch)))

前端注册 (bases/web-app/src/com/zihao/web_app/main.cljs):

(def config
  {:ws/ws-client true
   :ws/event-handlers [xiangqi/ws-event-handler-frontend
                       language-learn/ws-event-handler-frontend]
   :ws/ws-handler {:ws-client (ig/ref :ws/ws-client)
                   :ws-event-handlers (ig/ref :ws/event-handlers)
                   :store (ig/ref :replicant/store)}})

(defmethod ig/init-key :ws/event-handlers [_ handlers]
  handlers)

(defmethod ig/init-key :ws/ws-handler [_ {:keys [store ws-client ws-event-handlers]}] 
  (when ws-client
    (let [stop-ch (async/chan)
          handler (apply rm1/make-ws-handler-with-extensions ws-event-handlers)]
      (handler stop-ch (assoc ws-client :system {:replicant/store store}))
      {:stop-ch stop-ch})))

发送 WebSocket 消息 (Sente)

发送 WebSocket 消息需要从 system 中获取 :ws/ws-server (后端) 或 :ws/ws-client (前端), 它们都包含 :chsk-send! 这个 key.

后端发送 (需要指定 user id):

(let [ws-server (:ws/ws-server system)
      send-fn (:chsk-send! ws-server)]
  (send-fn
   "uid"                    ; user id
   [:subscribe/event 1]     ; Event [id data]
   8000))                   ; Timeout (ms)

前端发送 (支持回调):

(let [ws-client (:ws/ws-client system)
      send-fn (:chsk-send! ws-client)]
  (send-fn
   [:test/echo {:name "Rich Hickey" :type "Awesome"}]  ; Event [id data]
   8000                                                  ; Timeout (ms)
   (fn [reply]                                           ; Callback function
     (when (sente/cb-success? reply)
       (println reply)))))

注意: 后端和前端 chsk-send! 的签名不同:

• 后端: (chsk-send! uid event timeout)
• 前端: (chsk-send! event timeout callback-fn)